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| Gadenahalli
– Population: 1928 (Male: 950 – Female: 978. Total
Families 238: ST – 08, BC - 180, Others – 50 |
| Gadenahalli is a village
located nearly 15km away from Hassan. It has a population of
1928. Their livelihood depended on agricultural activities and
livestock rearing. For the past three years (2002 onwards),
the village was reeling under severe drought. |
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| The
Situation |
| Water Resources
(surface water & groundwater): The groundwater
level was very low due to failure of monsoons and the resultant
drought for the past three years.
Agricultural practice: More than five thousand
acres of land extending from ridges to ridges (including the
project area) has a very poor vegetative cover around the
village and neighbouring villages too, except in the downstream
side of the valley, which is covered mostly with coconut.
The farmers were using unscientific measures of agriculture
using a lot of chemicals and pesticides. They were unaware
of organic farming. They were digging borwells. So many wells
were failures without getting a drop of water. So a lot of
water was pumped out for agriculture resulting in groundwater
depletion.
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| Particulars |
Land
Holdings |
Total
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Land
less |
<1
acre |
1-2acres |
2-4
acres |
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| No of Families |
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148 |
11 |
1 |
160 |
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| Project intervention: |
| The total project area
is around 600 acres, sloppy topography with a very less vegetative
cover. The project area can be divided into three as upper ridge,
middle ridge and valley portion (lower ridge). The slope is
around 3-4.5%. The middle ridge is mainly fallow land and the
lower portion is used mainly for sugarcane, paddy and coconut
cultivation.
The topsoil depth is varying from 3 to
4 feet, without much variation. The depth to bedrock, the
soil depth or the weathered layers effects varying from 20
feet to 50 feet. The soil porosity is moderate to good and
the soil type is red sandy mixed with small pebbles and light
colored red soil at ridge and the brownish fertile soil at
the valley portion. The area comes under northeast monsoon
for a period of three to four months i.e. from June to August.
The rainfall averages around 320mm (with a max 460mm avg.
to a min.110mm avg.) The rain is culminating by the middle
of July 2005. |
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| Objectives
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| A sustained
agriculture base through : |
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Land
based measures, which give privilege to prevent soil degradation
and loss of moisture from soil thus increasing the efficiency
of cultivation. |
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Best agricultural
practices, which emphasize to create awareness to the
people to opt for environmental friendly agriculture (e.g-
Silt application and promoting organic manure, problems
of Acacia, sugarcane cultivation and importance of variety
of trees) |
| Groundwater
recharge (retrieval of groundwater equilibrium) through: |
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Integrated land
treatment, which facilitate surface run-off infiltrate
more to increase the sub-surface flow/base flow. |
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Treating water
shed basins and small streams, including providing new
options for ponds. |
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| Field bunds
and trenches: To increase water infiltration and prevent
soil erosion |
| Gully Plugs:
To arrest soil loss through small channels and thus
to deform it. |
| Tank desiltation,
Farm ponds and slop-excavations (30mx40m concept): To
collect conserve and more water to recharge that to the ground. |
| Tree Plantation:
To ensure a permanent income to the people. Tree plantation
will mark an imponderable and commendable impinge the whole
area’s destiny as its lack is observed as axiom in the
area. |
| Composting:
The fertility of land can be improved through the promotion
of natural composing. |
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| Process
of implementation: |
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When the project got started, it was very difficult to
convince the people who were using excessive amount of
chemical fertilisers & pesticides, mono cropping,
and drilling of bore wells etc. |
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Through the
existing Women Self Groups, awareness creation was done
from time-to-time. Gradually, everyone in the village
began to participate in the process. Various training
were arranged on environment and Watershed components.
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Ø Exposure
visits were arranged to BAIF, Tiptur, Krushi Vignana Kendra,
Kandali and the Youth were also taken to Mysore to gain
experience from the field. The capacity building trainings,
on the Job trainings, exposure Trips and staff trainings
were very participatory and fruitful towards the implementation
of the project. |
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At present there
are 7 women Self Help Groups (Shanthi, Preethi, Keerthi,
Jyothi, Sanjan, Sneha, Spoorthi SHGs), 3 Men Self Help
Groups (Chaithanya, Adarsha and Chinthana) and one Gadenahalli
Jala Nayana Samithi (Drought Proofing Committee). They
conduct the meetings every week and discuss the problems
as well as progress work of the project. |
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Gadenahalli
Jala Nayana Samithi (Drought Proofing committee) has created
a fund of Rs.38,000/- through the activities implemented.
The account is opened in Indian Bank, Hassan. They have
started rearing 53,000 fish ling in the two tanks, which
were desilted through the guidance of the Village Drought
Proofing Committee (VWC). |
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The desilting
work provided employment to about 75 men and women for
more than two months. Each worker could get a daily wage
of Rs. 100/- as they were working for more than 10 hours.
The work was hastened as the silt was getting harder and
harder as days passed by. Over 110 marginal landholders
benefited by the silt exported from Kelakatte and Kambarkatte
tanks. Excess silt than projected in the project proposal
was transported to the fields to satisfy the needs of
beneficiaries. |
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The local community
involved in the project area covered was only 35-40% of
people but the rest were not covered. So their co-operation
in the beginning was minimum but they were present for
the trainings. So about 3000 loads of silt was applied
to their fields by themselves due to the awareness created.
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The various
components seen at the Exposure visits were Roof Water
Harvesting, Ayurvedic Medicines, Dry Land Horticulture,
Gully Plugs, Farm Ponds, Vermi compost, Check Dams, Gabian
Dam, Tree Plantation, Plants - Nursery, Recharging of
water to the well, Solar system for lighting and irrigation. |
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Increased income:
100 Beneficiaries have taken LIC coverage. So the village
is called Jeeva Vima Grama and the village is granted
Rs. 40,000/- from LIC, Hassan. The VDPC is planning to
spend the grant either for a bus shed/solar street lights. |
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15 cement boards
like Mara Nettu - Bara Attu (Plant trees – Chase
drought), Hongeya Neralu – Matheya Madilu (Shadow
of “Honge” tree – lap of the mother),
Thajyavasthu sudabedi avu aguthave uttama gobbar.(Don’t
burn the waste- it will be good mannure) Gida Mara belasi-
Nadu ulisi(Plant trees – Save the society), Krushi
Honda thegisi – Antharajala vruddisi (Dig Farm ponds
– Increase the ground water level), Holakke hakabeku
badu – Aduve krushikana baduku, Upayogisi Ere Hulu
gobbara – Aga nodi belle abbara( Utilize vermin
compost – then see the yield), Belesona vivida belle
– Hasiragisalu sundara ille( Lets grow the Multi
corps – Lets beautify the earth), Hitha mithavagi
niru balasi – nimma makkala jeeva ulasi( Use water
limited – save the life of your children), Male
nirannu ingisi – Dhareya dhaha nigisi( Harvest rain
water – satisfy the thirst of earth) are placed
on the road side to create awareness to the villagers
and general public on Environment. |
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| Gender application
in the programme: The women Empowerment Programme was
initiated in this village, organizing people into groups. 7
Women Self help groups were formed concentrating on the various
issues pertaining to women and their children. Women and young
girl children had to walk long distances to carry water for
households. So the need emerged from the women groups. It was
their request that CMSSS proposed a project proposal to Caritas
India as the need emerged from the people. The women were actively
involved in the implementation and monitoring of the project.
10 women were in the village drought proofing out of the total
26. Women also took part actively in the capacity building and
exposure. Women also worked in the project areas along with
the husbands getting the equal amount of wages. |
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| Socio-economic,
political and cultural situation |
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| Before the
implementation: |
Most of the villagers
have land below 2 acres and depended on rainfall for the cultivation.
They worked as daily labourers and earned about Rs.40 to 50
per day. Such labour was available only on 2 or 3 days in a
week. Due to this economic poverty, they fell in the clutches
of the moneylenders and were always in debt. Economic backwardness
also resulted into social, political and cultural backwardness.
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| After
the implementation: |
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| There is a visible
sea change in the village. They cultivate multiple crops. There
is sufficient water. They have regular work in their own fields
or inneighbour’s fields. They own livestock like milch
animals, goats etc. Their economic conditions have improved.
Migration has stopped.
After the Renovation of 2 tanks, desilting of ponds, treating
watershed basins and small steams through this intervention,
the water level has increased. Moreover there was sufficient
rainfall this year.
Further, they have formed the self help groups and are actively
participating the grama sabhas and other cultural activities. |
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| Crop pattern: |
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| Dummanna Annaiah
and his 4 sons cultivated only ragi earlier. Now they cultivate
potatoes, ragi, cereals and oil seeds. Rojamma and Mariamma
in their one acre and 3 acres of land respectively are cultivating
the above multiple crops and also vegetables. There is a visible
sea change..
Earlier, Ragi happened to be only or a major
crop during the year.
Now: Potatoe and Ragi, cereals & oil
seeds, coconuts and mangoes, other vegetables are cultivated
by most of the small and marginal farmers. |
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| The water level in
the borewells used to be at a depth of 80 ft. in winter and
about 110 ft. in winter is now at 40 feet in winter and 60 feet
in summer. IN the case of open wells, from 15 ft in winer and
17 ft in summer it came to 12 ft in winter and 15 ft in summer.
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| Tangible
results and benefits: |
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101
families put up mud bunds in their fields which improved
the condition of agricultural lands. |
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Gully Plugs –
Perculation ponds were set up. Further, desilting of tank
was also done |
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Vermicompost
was initiated with 10 families. |
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About 5,000
plants were planted benefiting about 85 families |
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1 ½ kms
road was also laid |
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Employment generation
through the above activities benefited the entire community |
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| IGP
components in the project |
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Fish Rearing. |
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Live Stock |
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Agriculture
and Farming ( Multiple Crops) |
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Tree Plantation
( Long term benefit) |
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Migration trend
(before and after the implementation): Due to drought,
there was no work in their fields, so they migrated to Mangalore,
Bangalore and to Hassan for either household work or for road
construction work. Now, they have continuous work due to the
project implementation and the good monsoon received this year.
55 landless /small farmers had continuous work for 2-3 months
and thus stopped migration. Farmers with a bigger land holdings
used silt of about 1000 tractors to their land due to the awareness
created. 180 small landholders benefited by the silt application
thus improving the fertility of land for a good yield. People
started growing multiple crops. Two tanks were desilted and
there is water all through the year for cattle and washing.
In addition, the ground water table is also raised. Field bunds
have stopped the soil erosion. More plantation of saplings has
created awareness among the people. Fertility of the land has
improved through the promotion of natural composting. The farmers
have completely stopped growing sugar cane. |
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| Participation
of the People: |
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Through constant trainings, awareness creation, exposure
trips to BAIF, Krshivijanana Kendra, Kandali etc., people
have started rethinking about their agricultural pattern. |
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When desilting
was done the people contributed 25 rupees per tractor
(1 Tractor 75 ruppes) in cash. The application of the
silt was done by the beneficiaries themselves. |
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The direct beneficiaries
of this intervention amount to 35-40% of the village community.
Hence, the co-operation from the others was minimal in
the beginning. However, they were present for the trainings.
So about 3000 load of silt was applied to their fields
by themselves due to the awareness created. |
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There are 6
women Self Help Groups, 3 men Self Help Groups and One
Watershed Committee. |
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The Committee
has decided to rear fish in one of the tanks which was
desilted as there is lot of water collected. The profit
would go in to the committee for the repair of various
components. |
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| Impact
created: |
| Once the project
was planned and implemented, various trainings were given and
the people started cooperating. Eventually, there was an excellent
involvement of the people. |
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People have given up crops water-intensive crops such
as sugarcane.. |
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Cultivation
of Multiple Crops. |
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Water for livestock
throughout the year. |
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Silt application
to the field instead of excessive fertilizers and chemicals. |
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Better yield. |
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65 acres of
paddy fields are cultivated after six years due to the
availability of water in the tanks. There is continuous
water source/moisture in the down stream. |
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| Chikamagalur Multipurpose
Social Society (CMSSS) was registered under Karnataka societies
Registration Act 1960 in 1978 under Reg.No.26/1978. It has been
rendering socio-economic, cultural, and educational and health
services in the Diocese of Chikamagalur which comprises of two
civil districts of Hassan and Chikamagalur. |
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CHIKMAGALUR
MULTIPURPOSE SOCIAL SERVICE SOCIETY (CMSSS)
Seva Samsthe, B. Katihalli, Arsikere Road, Hassan – 573
201. Phone: 08172-241074.
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